Introduction to biology
Biology is the study of living
organism. The term biology is made up by Two
Greek word.
Bio means life and logos means study.
Or
Is the study of living thing,
environment and interaction between living things and the environment
The Seven Characteristics of Living Things
1. Nutrition
All living organisms need to take
substances from their environment to obtain energy, to grow and to stay
healthy.
2. Movement or Locomotion
All living organisms can move from
one place to another. living organisms
they can move from place to place by walking, flying or swimming.
3. Respiration
All living things exchange gases
with their environment. Animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon
dioxide.
Excretion is the removal of
metabolic waste product from the body cell of living organism. If this waste
was allowed to remain in the body it could be poisonous.
Humans produce liquid waste called
urine. We also excrete waste when we breathe out. All living things need to
remove waste from their bodies.
When living things feed they gain
energy. Some of this energy is used in growth. Living things become larger and
more complicated as they grow.
The
ability to detect changes in the surrounding environment .We react to touch, light, heat, cold and sound, as do
other living things.
Example
Earthworms
have light-sensitive cells scattered in their outer skin. Their skin cells are
also sensitive to touch and chemicals.
7. Reproduction
The
ability to reproduce and pass genetic information onto their
offspring.Humans make babies, cats produce
kittens and pigeons lay eggs.
Plants also reproduce. Many make
seeds which can germinate and grow into new plants.
BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
There are two main branches of
biology, includes
(a).Botany is the branch of biology
which deals with plants such as cocoa plant, coconut tree etc.
(b).Zoology is the branch of biology
which deals with animals such as cow, goat, giraffe, man etc.
Other branches of biology
1. Genetics: study of heredity
2. Virology: is the study of virus
3. Entomology: Study of insect
4. Anatomy: Study of the structure
of organism
5. Histology: Study of tissue
6. Ecology: Study of the environment
and its relationship with organism
7. Botany: Study of plant
8. Zoology: Study of plant
9. Emryology: Study of embryonic
development
10.Taxanomy: study deals with
classification of plant and animals
11. Bacteriology: Study of bacteria
12. Physiology : Study of
biochemical process in the body
13. Microbiology: Is the Study of
microorganism
14. Mycology: is the Study of fungi